Mobbing-Definition von Leymann (1995):
„Unter Mobbing wird eine konfliktbelastete Kommunikation am Arbeitsplatz unter Kollegen oder zwischen Vorgesetzten und Untergebenen verstanden, bei der die angegriffene Person unterlegen ist (1) und von einer oder einigen Personen systematisch, oft (2) und während längerer Zeit (3) und mit dem Ziel und/oder dem Effekt des Ausstoßes aus dem Arbeitsverhältnis (4) direkt oder indirekt angegriffen wird und dies als Diskriminierung empfindet.“ (S. 18)
Eine weitere moderne Definition wurde von A. Esser und M. Wolmerath (2000) vorgelegt:
„Mobbing ist ein Geschehensprozess in der Arbeitswelt, in dem destruktive Handlungen unterschiedlicher Art wiederholt und über einen längeren Zeitraum gegen Einzelne vorgenommen werden, welche von den Betroffenen als eine Beeinträchtigung und Verletzung ihrer Person empfunden werden
und
dessen ungebremster Verlauf für die Betroffenen grundsätzlich dazu führt, dass ihre psychische Befindlichkeit und Gesundheit zunehmend beeinträchtigt werden, ihre Isolation und Ausgrenzung am Arbeitsplatz zunehmen, dagegen die Chancen auf eine zufriedenstellende Lösung schwinden und der regelmäßig im Verlust ihres bisherigen beruflichen Wirkbereichs endet.“ (S. 388)
Es ist sicher sehr schwierig, eine allgemeingültige Definition von „Mobbing“ zu formulieren, die in jedem Einzelfall (oder auch überhaupt) juristisch Bestand hat. Dies ist aber auch nicht die Aufgabe im psychiatrischen Arbeitsfeld. Für die psychiatrische-psychotherapeutische Wahrnehmung und Beurteilung dieses Geschehens genügt uns deshalb eine Definition, die eine Vorstellung vermitteln kann darüber, was „grundsätzlich“ mit Mobbing gemeint ist. Denn für Patient und den behandelnden Arzt steht derErkrankungstatbestand im Vordergrund, die Frage der juristischen Beurteilung des schädlichen Geschehens am Arbeitsplatz/die Schuldfrage ist zunächst nachgeordnet! Der Begriff „Mobbing“bezeichnet damit nur eine vermutete wesentliche Entstehungsbedingung der seelischen Erkrankung.
Eine psychiatrische Definition von „Mobbing“ müßte also eher versuchen, die „Hilflosigkeit“ des Patienten gegenüber dem als übermächtig, unfair und ihm gegenüber systematisch destruktiv erlebtenAgieren eines oder mehrerer Mitarbeiter oder Vorgesetzter in den Mittelpunkt des Interesses zu rücken. Aus psychiatrischer Sicht, also von der Ergebnisseite her betrachtet, greifen deshalb auch Definitionen, die Mobbing nur zwischen bestimmten Gruppierungen oder an bestimmten Orten zulassen zu kurz. Seelische Beeinträchtigungen aufgrund mobbingartiger Prozesse scheinen zumindest in allen zwischenmenschlichen Kontexten auftreten zu können
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